In April, the bud. The previous year, ranging from winter buds begin to swell. Later, they stretch and the tip of the shoot is visible. In rapid succession, the first folded sheets are visible. The leaves unfold and grow from day to day now. After a few days the whole drive is recognized. On closer inspection, one discovers already Gescheine and tendrils. Shortly after shooting the shoots have a reddish tint. Due to the growth and chlorophyll, the plant is green. Now the plant begins with photosynthesis.

One differentiates between the harvest of hand-picking and machine harvesting with the grape harvester.

Harvest by hand

At the reading of the manual work vintners with one or two buckets. This is used in the vineyard for quality separation.
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What happens in the winemaking process?

The ripe grapes contain sugar, tartaric acid and malic acid. In the envelopes of the grapes sit dyes, depending on the variety, red, yellow or dark blue.

The grape seeds contain protein and a high-quality edible oil, and tannins in the seed coat.

The grapes are gently crushed in a mill. This mash is pressed to win the Most.

Now take the Rohmost, filters and clarifies it (separation of suspended solids).
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Related tradition of wine lovers with “genetic engineering in viticulture” their Difficulties.

Genetic engineering may involve many risks, are not in dispute but also the opportunities it offers. One example is fungus-resistant varieties that are currently imported. While the conventional winemakers the genetically modified vines face expectant, lean the eco-vineyard wine from genetic engineering in principle. With the heterologous gene in the vines could eventually arise new problems for the environment. Their arguments: The experience with GM maize and GM soy have shown that plants with rapid heterologous genes through pollen spread further into the nature.
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Chlorosis:
Occurring during the main growing period of the vine Chlorosis (bad weather, compaction and Weakness, chlorosis) are mainly due to soil compaction causes. The most important causative factor is too high a soil water content. By the early Sowing of oil radish per 250 g Are the water content the substrate can be reduced. At the same time By this measure, a long-term structural improvement achieved in the underground.

Potassium deficiency:
Sometimes occurs after break-in of skimmed reported. A Fertilization with potash, combined with deep-rooted seeding, leads to long-term remedy. Leaf spraying with 0.5% Kalisulfatlösung help in the short term.
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Heuwurm be eaten by the numerous empty buds and spun to the Gescheine lumpy clumps.

The worm penetrates the sour grapes. The Beerefleisch falls victim to his work. The infection sites are starting points for the early unwanted Botrytisnester (Sauerfaule).
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Until the mid-19th Century remained the winery in Europe the previous proven true to tradition in viticulture. Was built on the well-known European varieties and focused on a painstaking care in order to obtain good-quality wine.

Suddenly accumulated horrors, at first primarily from Provence in 1858 in France, which had first gone through all the vineyards, and finally 1 ½ million acres of vines around the country based. The disease soon spread to all major wine-producing countries of Europe. The Director of the Austrian wine Klosterneuburger school received 1867 American vines infected and given to the vines in his country.
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The causative agent of black spot disease occurs worldwide. Damage he caused mostly in areas that are often at the stage where the vines sprouting rainfall. In Central Europe it is increasingly observed around since 1960. The fungus destroys the top layers of cells, preferably young, in cell division and elongation Growing Reborgane. The damaged plant parts are initially difficult to distinguish from healthy boy, still in the stretching Growing leaves first show only a slight bronzing. Clearly visible with the naked eye symptoms, but only on the further development. After an incubation period of 3-4 weeks, the leaves develop in the infestations by deformations and pinpoint chlorotic cloudy.
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Many winemakers want to grow close to nature:

More of the vintners in the desire to cultivate an environmentally friendly wine. Thus there are already dozens of Switzerland in the organic wine growers who opt out of chemical-synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. In most areas of high rainfall Switzerland but do mildew and other diseases of the vine to create.
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In old vintage port, the “breaking” to be taken quite literally. One method uses a heavy knife (eg a sword), the other with a Port tongs.

Port tongs are recommended and rich in tradition. They are easier to handle and more effective than a knife.
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